We apply advanced optical fluorescence microscopic and nanoscopic techniques such as the novel instant computational clearing microscopy (Thunder), confocal (CLSM) and two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM), Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) for (molecular) imaging of atherosclerotic structures and processes in cardiovascular samples. 

Algorithm supported Thunder imaging vastly improves the image quality of the traditional immunofluorescence microscopy and allows for fast generation of overview images as well as 3D detailed imaging in various samples. 

CLSM facilitates true 3D microscopic imaging of thin samples or isolated/cultured cells at sub micrometer resolution and great specificity, whereas STED offers improved nanometer resolution thereby strongly improving our possibilities of studying intracellular, micro- and nanoscopic processes and structures. 

TPLSM is perfectly suited for studying of biological structures and processes directly at sites of occurrence: i.e. imaging of structures deep in intact tissues such as the large arteries, myocard, or bone marrow in up to four dimensions. 

For in vivo imaging of atherosclerosis, the impact of arterial movement on imaging can be avoided by usage of TPLSM imaging triggered on the heart and respiration cycle of the animal under subject, or artery stabilization.